AFJOG

African Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology | Volume 2 | Issue 3 | 2024 | 42 PBM IN A RESOURCE-CONSTRAINED SETTING: DO WE WAIT FOR “MORE” OR DO WE START? Even in a resource-constrained setting, it is possible to start with a simplified PBM programme. The goal is to start small, grow slowly and not leave any stakeholders behind. Even a simplified programme is a start towards improved patient safety and outcomes. There are ample guiding documents, toolkits and educational materials available to guide you on this important journey. 1. World Health Organization. Global Forum for Blood Safety: Patient Blood Management: concept paper. March 2011. Accessed March 13, 2023. https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/biologicals/blood-products/document-migration/gfbs_01_pbm_concept_paper. pdf?sfvrsn=f189661_3 2. Sixty-third World Health Assembly. Availability, safety and quality of blood products. 21 May 2010. Accessed March 7, 2023. https://apps.who.int/ gb/ebwha/pdf_files/WHA63/A63_R12-en.pdf 3. Action framework to advance universal access to safe, effective and quality-assured blood products 2020–2023. World Health Organization. 19 February 2020. Accessed March 7, 2023. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/action-framework-to-advance-uas- bloodprods-978-92-4-000038-4 4. Society for the Advancement of Patient Blood Management. SABM administrative and clinical standards for Patient Blood Management Programs®. 5th edition. 2019. Accessed March 7, 2023. https://sabm.org/wp-content/uploads/SABM-Standards-20196.pdf 5. Patient Blood Management resources. International Foundation for Patient Blood Management. Accessed March 7, 2023. https://www.ifpbm.org/ knowledge 6. Patient blood management. Association for the Advancement of Blood & Biotherapies. Accessed March 7, 2023. https://www.aabb.org/news- resources/resources/patient-blood-management 7. Thomson J, Hofmann A, Barrett CA, et al. Patient blood management: a solution for South Africa. S Afr Med J. 2019;109(7):471-476. doi:10.7196/ SAMJ.2019.v109i7.13859 8. GBD 2016 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence Collaborators. Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 328 diseases and injuries for 195 countries, 1990-2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. Lancet. 2017;390(10100):1211-1259. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(17)32154-2 9. Marsicano D, Hauser N, Roodt F, et al. Preoperative anaemia and clinical outcomes in the South African surgical outcomes study. S Afr Med J. 2018;108(10):839-846. doi:10.7196/SAMJ.2018.v108i10.13148 10. Tunkyi K, Moodley J. Prevalence of anaemia in pregnancy in a regional health facility in South Africa. S Afr Med J. 2015;106(1):101-104. doi:10.7196/SAMJ.2016.v106i1.9860 11. Shander A, Van Aken H, Colomina MJ, et al. Patient blood management in Europe. Br J Anaesth. 2012;109(1):55-68. doi:10.1093/bja/aes139 12. Wise R, Bishop D, Gibbs M, et al. South African Society of Anaesthesiologists perioperative patient blood management guidelines 2020. Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia. 2020;26(6):S1-68. https://www.sajaa.co.za/index.php/sajaa/article/view/2496 13. Leahy MF, Hofmann A, Towler S, et al. Improved outcomes and reduced costs associated with a health-system-wide patient blood management program: a retrospective observational study in four major adult tertiary-care hospitals. Transfusion. 2017;57(6):1347-1358. doi:10.1111/trf.14006 14. Althoff FC, Neb H, Herrmann E, et al. Multimodal Patient Blood Management program based on a three-pillar strategy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Surg. 2019;269(5):794-804. doi:10.1097/SLA.0000000000003095 15. Frietsch T, Shander A, Faraoni D, et al. Patient Blood Management is not about blood transfusion: it is about patients’ outcomes. Blood Transfus. 2019;17(5):331-333. doi:10.2450/2019.0126-19 16. Rhamy, J. The benefits of Patient Blood Management for the patient and the health care system. Association for the Advancement of Blood & Biotherapies. Accessed March 7, 2023. https://www.aabb.org/docs/default-source/default-document-library/resources/pbm-the-benefits-of- pbm-for-the-patient-and-the-health-care-system.pdf?sfvrsn=3ccf0957_4 17. Meybohm P, Straub N, Füllenbach C, et al. Health economics of Patient Blood Management: a cost-benefit analysis based on a meta-analysis. Vox Sang. 2020;115(2):182-188. doi:10.1111/vox.12873 18. Meybohm P, Richards T, Isbister J, et al. Patient blood management bundles to facilitate implementation. Transfusion Medicine Reviews. 2017;31(1):62-71. doi:10.1016/j.tmrv.2016.05.012 19. Hofmann A, Spahn DR, Holtorf AP, et al. Making patient blood management the new norm(al) as experienced by implementors in diverse countries. BMC Health Serv Res. 2021;21(1):634. doi:10.1186/s12913-021-06484-3 20. National Blood Authority Australia. Three pillars of patient blood management. Accessed March 7, 2023. https://www.blood.gov.au/system/files/ documents/pbm-3-pillars.pdf 21. World Health Organization. Global Forum for Blood Safety: Patient Blood Management: priorities for action. March 2011. Accessed March 13, 2023. https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/biologicals/blood-products/document-migration/who_gfbs_2011_03_priorities_for_action. pdf?sfvrsn=656b7d95_3 22. Mehra T, Seifert B, Bravo-Reiter S, et al. Implementation of a patient blood management monitoring and feedback program significantly reduces transfusions and costs. Transfusion. 2015;55(12):2807-2815. doi:10.1111/trf.13260 FURTHER READING