MHM Magazine

Understanding Dementia: Key Insights and Risk Factors Dementia is a major neurocognitive disorder, characterised by chronic brain failure, unlike delirium, which is acute and short-term. It primarily affects memory and cognitive functions, leading to difficulties in everyday activities such as driving, shopping, and managing finances. Symptoms may also include repetitive behaviours or conversations. A diagnosis of dementia requires a thorough assessment, as similar symptoms can arise from other conditions. Alzheimer’s disease is the most common form of dementia, but dementia itself is an umbrella term encompassing various types, including vascular dementia, which can result from strokes. Diagnosing dementia is challenging; there is no definitive blood test, and even brain scans may appear normal despite evident cognitive issues. Unfortunately, dementia is progressive and irreversible, with treatment aimed at slowing its progression and managing associated issues, such as anxiety and depression. This approach parallels the management of conditions like hypertension or diabetes, focusing on improving quality of life and safety. Dementia significantly impacts daily functioning, particularly memory and reasoning abilities— skills often taken for granted when one is healthy. Depression frequently coexists with dementia, with older individuals often presenting with clinical depression, which can either mimic or contribute to cognitive decline. This depression encompasses symptoms such as sleep disturbances, low energy, and poor concentration. The term "pseudo- dementia" describes dementia-like symptoms arising from depression. Treating depression can often improve cognitive function, illustrating the complex interplay between these conditions. Depression is a recognised risk factor for dementia, especially when untreated in older adults. While it increases the risk, it does not directly cause dementia. Other significant risk factors include smoking, obesity, lack of physical activity, and conditions like diabetes. Vascular issues, particularly those leading to strokes, By Dr Ryan Fuller Specialist Psychiatrist Alberton Pioneer Integrated Care Consortium and Founder of Memory King Group DEMENTIA AND ALZHEIMER’S RISK IN WOMEN MHM | 2024 | Volume 11 | Issue 5 | Dementia and Alzheimer’s Risk in Women MHM 16 | MENTAL HEALTH MATTERS | 2024 | Issue 5 H