MHM Magazine

10 | MENTAL HEALTH MATTERS | 2025 | Issue 1 MHM Clinical Presentation in Adults Unlike children, whose symptoms often manifest in school settings, adults with ADHD typically struggle in professional and social environments. Common symptoms include: • Executive Dysfunction: Difficulty prioritising tasks, following through on projects, and meeting deadlines. • Emotional Dysregulation: Heightened frustration, irritability, and sensitivity to criticism. • Impulsivity: Poor financial decisions, impulsive speech, and risk-taking behaviours. • Chronic Procrastination: Difficulty initiating and completing tasks despite good intentions. • Comorbidities: Anxiety, depression, and substance use disorders frequently co-occur with ADHD, complicating diagnosis and treatment. Many adults with ADHD were not diagnosed in childhood because their symptoms were overlooked or misinterpreted. They often seek help only after experiencing significant life disruptions, such as job loss, relationship difficulties, or burnout. Differentiating ADHD from Other Disorders ADHD can be mistaken for other mental health conditions due to overlapping symptoms. Key distinctions include: • Depression: Persistent low mood and anhedonia, whereas ADHD involves fluctuating motivation and mood shifts linked to external stimuli. • Anxiety Disorders: Excessive worry unrelated to impulsivity or executive dysfunction. • Bipolar Disorder: Episodic mood disturbances with distinct manic and depressive phases, unlike the continuous symptoms of ADHD. A thorough clinical history, standardised ADHD rating scales, and collateral reports from family or colleagues are essential for accurate diagnosis. Workplace Challenges and Accommodations For adults with ADHD, workplace challenges can significantly impact productivity and job satisfaction. Common issues include poor time management, distractibility, and difficulty maintaining focus. However, effective workplace accommodations can enhance functionality and performance. These include: • Structured Schedules: Setting clear deadlines, using planners, and utilising digital tools like Google Keep or Trello. • Task Breakdown: Dividing large projects into smaller, manageable steps. • Environmental Modifications: Noise-cancelling headphones, quiet workspaces, and flexible work arrangements. • Regular Breaks: Encouraging movement and physical activity to sustain focus. Encouraging open communication with employers about ADHD-related challenges fosters a more inclusive and productive work environment. Evidence-Based Treatment Approaches Pharmacological Interventions Medication is a cornerstone of ADHD management. Stimulants, such as methylphenidate and amphetamines, are the first- line treatment due to their efficacy in improving attention, impulse control, and executive function. Non-stimulants, such as atomoxetine and guanfacine, are alternatives for patients with contraindications to stimulants. Medication can significantly enhance daily functioning and quality of life for adults with ADHD. Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) CBT is particularly effective in addressing the emotional and behavioural challenges associated with ADHD. It helps individuals: • Develop coping strategies for impulsivity and procrastination. • Restructure negative thought patterns that contribute to low self-esteem. • Improve organisational skills and time management. • Psychoeducation and Support Groups • Educating patients and their families about ADHD reduces stigma and promotes self-advocacy. Support groups provide a platform for individuals to share experiences, develop adaptive strategies, and build a sense of community. • Addressing Stigma and Promoting Awareness • Despite growing awareness, many adults with ADHD face misconceptions and stigma. • Common myths include: • ADHD is a childhood disorder. • • It only affects hyperactive individuals. • ADHD is a sign of low intelligence. • Women cannot have ADHD. Dispelling these myths is essential for improving recognition and treatment. Encouraging patients to seek help and normalising ADHD as a neurobiological condition fosters greater acceptance and support. Conclusion Adult ADHD is a complex yet manageable condition that requires a comprehensive and patient-centred approach. Early identification, evidence- based interventions, and workplace accommodations can significantly enhance quality of life for individuals with ADHD. By fostering a deeper understanding of ADHD and addressing stigma, healthcare providers can break down barriers to diagnosis and treatment, empowering patients to thrive in their personal and professional lives. As awareness of adult ADHD continues to grow, it is crucial for clinicians, employers, and society at large to recognise the unique challenges faced by individuals with this condition. Through collaboration and compassion, we can create a more inclusive and supportive environment for those living with ADHD. References available on request. MHM | 2025 | Volume 12 | Issue 1 | Under tanding and Managing Adult ADHD: A Clinical Perspective H