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THE SOUTH AFRICAN GASTROENTEROLOGY REVIEW 2022 | VOLUME 20 | ISSUE 3 | 7 REVIEW Introduction Hepatitis D, also known as delta hepatitis, is an infection caused by the hepatitis delta virus (HDV). It is the least common but most severe form of chronic viral hepatitis. HDV is a satellite of the hepatitis B virus (HBV), so it can only cause infection in patients infected with HBV. Hepatitis B virus infection is a major public health problem affecting over 240 million people worldwide 1 . Five to ten per cent of these chronic hepatitis B virus carriers are also infected with HDV. In Africa, the prevalence of HDV remains poorly documented, although it appears to be very high where it has been researched. In Mauritania this prevalence was 39% in 2010 2 and ranged from 19.1 to 33.1% with 62.2 to 67.7% HDV RNA positive in 2014 3 ; in Nigeria it was 12.3% with 37.5% RNA positive 4 and in Cameroon 17.6% in the same period 5 . In Burkina Faso, out of 177 HBV positive blood donors tested in 2016 in Bobo-Dioulasso, 6 or 3.38% were anti-delta antibody positive 6 . This prevalence is higher than that reported in the ANRS 12272 study, which found a low national prevalence (0.10%) in contrast to the prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection, which is 8.8% according to the same study 7 . In most cases, HBV/HDV co-infection is manifested as a classical HBV infection. In this case, HDV does not increase the risk of chronic HBV disease. However, it does lead to a significant proportion of fulminant hepatitis. In the event of superinfection with HDV, HDV may also alter the natural history of the underlying HBV infection, causing either acute or fulminant hepatitis, or in 90% of cases chronic delta hepatitis, which complicates the chronic B infection. It is therefore recommended, in the management of any patient carrying hepatitis B virus, to look for HDV infection for early management. The aim of this work was to study the diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of B-delta infection. Methodology Our study took place in Ouagadougou in the hepato- gastroenterology department of the Yalgado Ouédraogo University Hospital (CHU-YO). It was a retrospective study was conducted from January 2006 to March 2017 (11 years) involving all patients aged over 15 years, carriers of hepatitis B virus and hepatitis delta seen in the department during the study period. The following were excluded from the study: patients with primary liver cancer (PBC), pregnant women, HIV-positive patients. Serological, biochemical, morphological and endoscopic analyses were carried out at the CHU-YO and in private Hepatitis B-delta: diagnostic and therapeutic aspects at the Yalgado Ouédraogo University Hospital of Ouagadougou (Burkina-Faso) Correspondence Alice guingane email: aliceguingane@yahoo.fr Alice Nanelin Guingané 1 , Nogogna Zouré 3 , Eric Nagaonlé, Somé 4 , Ousseni Fanta 2 , Roger Sombié 2 1 Service de gastroentérologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bogodogo, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso 2 Service de gastroentérologie du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Yalgado Ouédraogo, Burkina Faso 3 Service de gastroentérologie du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sourô Sanou, Burkina Faso 4 Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS) Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso Objective: to study the diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of hepatitis B-delta at the University Hospital Center Yalgado Ouedraogo. Patients and methods: this was a retrospective study conducted from January 2006 to March 2017 (11 years old). Patients with hepatitis B virus and positive delta serology were included. The quantification of the DNA of the hepatitis B virus was carried out by real-time PCR (Roche CobasTaqMan) with a detection threshold of 10 IU / mL. The quantification of the delta virus RNA was carried out by gene amplification (RT-PCR) with a detection threshold of 100 IU / ml. Results: A total of 499 patients with hepatitis B virus achieved delta serology, it was positive in 11 patients (2.2%) including 7 men and 4 women. the average age was 42.5 ± 7.9 years with extremes of 30 and 55 years. The viral load B was performed in all patients: it was detectable in 09 patients and undetectable in 03 patients. The quantification of the delta virus RNA was carried out in 10 patients, it was detectable in 06 patients. Simultaneous replication of B and delta viruses was present in 05 patients (45.4%). Jaundice was the circumstance of discovery in 03 patients. Physical examination was normal in 10 patients. Of the 05 patients treated with tenofovir, 04 had a duration of treatment ≥ 03 years and the complete virological response (HBV) was obtained in all (100%). One patient was treated for 58 weeks against the hepatitis delta virus. When the treatment was stopped, he had a partial virological and biochemical response. Conclusion: The difficulties related to the non-availability of diagnostic tests, at their high cost as well as the cost of pegylated interferon constitute a real handicap for the adequate management of this infection. 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