SAGES Magazine

THE SOUTH AFRICAN GASTROENTEROLOGY REVIEW 2023 | VOLUME 21 | ISSUE 1 | 21 reach 0.3 per 1000 live births in 2007 9 . The researchers suspected environmental factors such as modifications in the gluten proteins of local and /or imported wheat, although this has been disputed by some 12, 13 . The decrease in the incidence of CD in our region may in part relate to poor awareness, limited presentation and diagnosis rates. COVID-19 has contributed to the decrease in the incidence of CD by decreasing the number of consultations and hospitalizations. The higher rates in younger compared to older people is similar to a finding by Bouasla et al., 2009 in Constantine, northeastern Algeria. This demonstrated lower CD rates in older adults 14 . There has been a suggestion that CD is increasing worldwide with a trend towards increasing diagnoses and nonclassical presentations 15 . A meta- analysis also concluded that the incidence of CD is rising in the latter half of the 20th century and into the 21st century throughout the Western world 16 . Regarding the incidence of CD by sex, our data compares similarly with higher rates in women 17-21 . The predominance of CD disease in female subjects suggests that specific genetic factors related to gender are predisposing for females and / or protective for males 22 . The prevalence of CD in the region of Sidi Bel Abbes is higher than that estimated in Oran (western Algeria, 0.011%) 9 and lower than that in eastern Algeria (0.133%) 14 . Comparing our results with those found in the neighboring countries, the prevalence is low compared to that found in healthy blood donors in Tunisia (0.28%) 23, 24, 25 . Conclusion Given our findings, we suggest improved awareness and diagnostic identification of patients with coeliac disease in our region. References 1. Kaukinen K., Collin P., Mäki M. Natural history of celiac disease. In: Frontiers in Celiac Disease. Fasano A, Troncone R, Branski D, eds, Pediatr Adolesc Med Ba- sel. Zwitzerland: Karger, 2008: 12-17. 2. Ludvigsson J. F., Bai J. C., Biagi F., Card T. R., Ciacci C. et al. Diagnosis and management of adult coeliac disease: guidelines from the British Society of Gastro- enterology. Gut 2014; 63(8):1210-1228. 3. Byass P., Kahn K., Ivarsson A. The global burden of childhood coeliac disease: a neglected component of diarrhoeal mortality?. PLoS One 2011; 6(7): e22774. 4. Rostami K., Villanacci V. Microscopic enteritis: novel prospect in coeliac disease clinical and immuno-histo- genesis. Evolution in diagnostic and treatment strate- gies. Dig Liver Dis 2009; 41(4): 245-252. 5. Feighery C. Coeliac disease. BMJ 1999; 319(7204):236- 239. 6. Mendoza N., McGough N. Coeliac disease: an over- view. Nutr Food Sci 2005 7. Lerner A. New therapeutic strategies for celiac disease. Autoimmun Rev 2010; 9(3):144-147. 8. Niewinski M. M. Advances in celiac disease and glu- ten-free diet. J Am Diet Assoc 2008 ; 108(4):661-672. 9. Bessahraoui M., Bouziane-Nadjadi K., Niar S., Naceur M., Boudraa G. et al. Fréquence de la maladie cœli- aque de l’enfant dans la wilaya d’Oran, Algérie. Méde- cine du Maghreb 2011 ; 191:5-14. 10. Garnier M. et Delmare J. Dictionnaire illustré des Ter- mes de Médecine, 28ème Edition : Maloine, Paris, 2004 11. Hunter P. R. et Risebro H. Defining the current situation - epidemiology. In Cameron J, Hunter P, Jagals P, Pond K, eds, valuing water, valuing livelihoods: guidance on social cost-benefit analysis of drinking-water interven- tions, with special reference to small community water supplies: IWA Publishing/ World Health Organization, London, 2011: 75-79. 12. Remil A. Etude électrophorétique et physicochimique de quelques variétés de blé et des produits à base de blé consommées dans l’ouest Algérien. Recherche des protéines inductrices de la maladie cœliaque (Doctoral dissertation), 2018 13. Remil A., Taghouti M., Benali M. et Belbraouet S. Phys- icochemical Analysis, Electrophoretic Characterization and Verification of the Protein Fractions Responsible for Celiac Disease of Wheat Varieties Imported and Grown in Western Algeria. SAJEB 2017; 7(3):113-121. 14. Bouasla A., Benatallah L., Zidoune M. N. Prévalence de la maladie cœliaque à Constantine (1996–2008). Nutr Clin et Metab 2011; (25):S71. 15. Lebwohl B., Rubio-Tapia A. Epidemiology, presenta- tion, and diagnosis of celiac disease. Gastroenterology 2021; 160(1):63-75. 16. King J. A., Jeong J., Underwood F. E., Quan J., Panac- cione N. et al. Incidence of celiac disease is increasing over time: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Gastroenterolo 2020; 115(4):507-525. 17. Ivarsson A., Persson L. Å., Nyström L. et al. Epidemic of coeliac disease in Swedish children. Acta Paediatr 2020; 89(2):165-171. 18. Elsurer R., Tatar G., Simsek H. et al. Celiac disease in the Turkish population. Dig Dis Sci 2005; 50(1):136- 142. 19. Rostom A., Murray J. A., Kagnoff M. F. American Gas- troenterological Association (AGA) Institute technical review on the diagnosis and management of celiac disease. Gastroenterology 2006; 131(6):1981-2002. 20. Tkoub E. M. Maladie cœliaque de l’adulte. Rev Fran- caise D Allergol Et D Immunol Clin 2008 ; 48:S27-S31. 21. El Mehadji D-Z., Zemri K., Mehida H., Harir N., Yekrou D. et al. Epidemiological, Clinical, Histological, Serolog- ical and Therapeutic Study of Children Celiac Disease in Western Algeria Region. J drug deliv ther 2020; 10(5):6-10. 22. Le Guern V. Hormones sexuelles et auto-immunité. La Presse Médicale Formation 2020; 1(1):36-41. 23. Mankai A., Landolsi H., Chahed A., Gueddah L., Limem M. et al. Celiac disease in Tunisia: serological screen- ing in healthy blood donors. Pathol Biol 2006; 54(1):10- 13. 24. Almallouhi E., King K. S., Patel B., Wi C., Juhn Y. J. et al. Increasing incidence and altered presentation in a population-based study of pediatric celiac disease in North America J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2017; 65(4):432-437. 25. Liu E., Dong F., Barón A. E., Taki I., Norris J. M., et al. High incidence of celiac disease in a long-term study of adolescents with susceptibility genotypes. Gastroenter- ology 2017; 152(6):1329-1336. A STUDY